Alternations in climatic conditions have emerged as significant challenges for agricultural production. To address these changes, it is crucial to implement technological interventions that enhance the efficiency of farming systems. The adoption of a systems-based farmingSystems-based farming and control approach is a scientific method that optimizes production by combining multiple facets of agriculture within a specific location and timeframe. Mushroom cultivation is one of these constituents. Mushrooms are nutrient-rich meals that are low in calories and abundant in vegetable proteins, chitin, iron, zinc, copper, fibers, vital amino acids, and vitamins. Various countries endeavor to commercially cultivate different species of mushrooms, achieving differing levels of success. There is a limited number of mushroom kinds that are commercially cultivated in India. A significant number of mushroom cultivation strategies and systems are deemed unsustainable based on either economic or ecological standards. As a result, there is a greater tendency for those who embrace mushroom farming to discontinue their involvement. Although possessing nutritional and medicinal benefits, these organisms are susceptible to multiple diseases (fungal, bacterial, and viral diseases); pests (sciarids fly, phorids flies, and some beetle species) that can invade the fungal substrate, mycelium; and fruiting bodies that develop on the substrate. Such enemies can destroy the global production of many edible mushrooms. The yield and profitability of commercial mushroom cultivation can be significantly impacted by several pests and disease outbreaks. In addition, there are several common not pathogenic physiological ailments that typically decrease the crop’s yield. Conditions such as elevated temperatures, excessive humidity, and limited air circulation, which are commonly associated with mushroom growth, promote the transmission of these pests and diseases. Persistent hazards make it inadvisable to use chemical treatment for mushroom infections due to the short-term aspect of the crops. Mushroom cultivation is a burgeoning industry that is rapidly expanding worldwide. It is imperative to prioritize sustainable mushroom cultivation and effective integrated pest management (IPM) strategies. In this chapter, we cover many aspects regarding the IPM of cultivated edible mushrooms, including the common pests and diseases, the available IPM programs for mushroom pests (cultural, biological, and chemical controls), monitoring and early detection (inspections and monitoring systems), and sustainable and environmentally friendly practices.