Introduction

In an era marked by the rapid digitization of financial information, big data, and technological advancements, the landscape of value relevance in accounting and finance has evolved significantly. Financial disclosures now encompass a wide range of elements, from quantitative data to qualitative narratives. Traditional measures, such as earnings and book value, have been complemented and sometimes even overshadowed by qualitative factors. We venture into this intricate terrain by integrating two pivotal but often disparate research domains: value relevance and linguistic analysis in accounting disclosures.