Given the advancements in biodegradable materials, there is now a significant opportunity to transform healthcare technologies by utilizing sensors that decompose spontaneously after use. With the use of these materials, implantable electrical systems that don’t need to be removed or repeated upon, lower chronic inflammatory reactions, and offer promising future directions for biomedical technology can be developed. Biodegradable materials are used to create ecologically friendly sensor systems that can assist in alleviating some of the key environmental concerns by reducing the quantity of electronic or medical waste generated and, subsequently, the carbon footprint. The last few decades have seen a notable surge in interest in biodegradable materials for use in biological applications. Biodegradable polymers (BDPs), both synthetic and natural, have been thoroughly explored for several biomedical applications. These consist of implants, scaffolds for tissue engineering, and screws for treating bone fractures, sutures, wound dressings, and other carriers for the targeted and prolonged release of medications. BDPs are commonly utilized as advantageous materials for the administration of medications to the eyes. Biodegradable materials for customized medical devices that improve personalized medicine are being made from a growing quantity of organically produced polymers, plant-based polysaccharides like alginate, cellulose, dextran, and starch, and protein-based polymers like collagen, chitosan, fibrin, silk, and gelatin. Most significantly, though, these methods avoided the requirement to remove the delivery systems following administration. This background allows the current chapter to provide a thorough summary of the structural and functional biodegradable materials that have been utilized to create a variety of electronic devices that are either biodegradable or bioresorbable. The latest developments in biodegradable materials for personalized medical devices that enhance personalized treatment were also covered in this chapter.