Metal-organic frameworks (MOFs) are permeable substances composed of inorganic metal-based elements and naturally occurring ligands. Their unique properties, including tunable pores and diverse functional sites, have positioned them as promising candidates for immobilizing biomolecules in various environments. Recent advancements have enabled biomolecules like antibodies, enzymes, peptides, nucleic acids, and phages to be incorporated into or within the cavities of MOFs. This integration has opened up new possibilities for sensing applications, offering enhanced sensitivity, specificity, and a broader range of target detection. Researchers have shown significant interest in developing MOF biocomposites with synergistic properties by combining biomolecules with MOFs. In sensing applications, voltammetric immunosensors based on electrochemical analytical techniques have emerged as a sensitive approach for quantitative virus detection using current measurements. This review examines the detection platforms for nucleic acids, antigens, and antibodies, evaluating the underlying sensing processes. Furthermore, the review addresses future directions for developing MOFs in virus detection. This review provides a comprehensive review of existing research on disease diagnosis and decision-making platforms, making it useful for those interested in advancing this field.