Obesity and diabetes 2 are increasing worldwide and especially in Latin America, both diseases being important risk factors for chronic diseases, particularly cardiovascular disease. This chapter describes the impact of obesity and diabetes 2 in relation to cardiovascular disease in Latin America, as well as the associated risk of additional chronic diseases. Despite the implementation of interventions related to sugar-sweetened beverage taxes and food warnings in multiple countries, obesity and diabetes 2 are increasing and more initiatives related to urban and school environments, family environment, screen time control, sleep time, and other factors need to be added to address the whole problem. Two long-term programs for childhood obesity control (Amsterdam and Japan) are discussed and may provide suggestions for consideration in other regions. In conclusion, all these findings emphasize the long-term clinical benefits of lifestyle interventions in children and adults to prevent chronic diseases and more research is needed in the design, implementation, and impact evaluation of evidence-based obesity prevention interventions.