The rapid urbanization and industrialization in China cast a significant impact on the risk profile of cardiovascular disease. The striking increase in the cardiovascular disease epidemiology imposes great challenges to the population health, ever-escalating healthcare cost and system burden. Knowing the great diversities in the socioeconomic, geographic, and cultural practice across this globally fourth-largest land area, this chapter provides a critical discussion of the contemporary risk profile of cardiovascular disease from the lifestyle, environment, and economic perspectives. This is followed by a comprehensive overview of its preventive care and management. Against these backdrops, the challenges and opportunities in tackling the impact of cardiovascular disease on individual, societal, and economic perspective are discussed. The special highlights cover the evolving roles of integrative medicine and contemporary health policy in China in shaping the cardiovascular disease profile. The chapter aims to map the cardiovascular disease portfolio in China to the global health, and therefore inform the development of global initiatives to promote cardiovascular health for all in the coming decade.