About 50% of the world population has limited or no access to basic health services. Risk factors for cardiovascular disease, the largest death toll in the adult population, receive limited or no treatment in world regions with low socioeconomic status. High blood pressure, the leading risk factor for mortality, is five times better controlled in high-income groups than in the lowest ones. Obesity in the Americas involves near 30% of the population, affecting predominantly the lower socioeconomic groups with diabetes prevalence progressively increasing among them. Access to health care providers and drug therapy for these conditions is significantly compromised in those populations along with reduced drug availability in regional stocks and their affordability. Negative factors such as pollution, urbanization, and built environment interfere the access of low-income populations to healthier neighborhoods and food providers, contributing to disease and mortality. In contrast, current and future advancements in cardiovascular care, prevention, and healthier neighborhoods are or will be available to the higher income groups of our society. The authors collaborating in this textbook using their experience in technical and regional aspects of CVP in low socioeconomic status populations provide in their chapter’s suggestions of possible remedial actions.