This chapter looks at energy use in households, particularly in respect of low-income households, through a gender lens in the context of the energy transition. The impacts of energy poverty on health, time poverty and drudgery, with their gender dimensions are described. The empirical evidence is presented about what the observed practical changes that accrue from household access to energy services and their impacts on energy poverty are as well as the influence on gender roles and relations. A general conclusion is that change takes time to emerge both in access to clean energy and changes in gender roles and relations. Indeed, it appears that energy access alone is not sufficient to produce change, but that other contextual factors play a role.