The aim of this paper is to provide a detailed picture of Basaglia’s framework, stressing its theoretical basis and its potential actuality. Firstly, we consider the influence psychopathology (Minkowski, Binswanger, Jaspers, among others) and phenomenology (especially Husserl, Merleau-Ponty and Sartre) had in Basaglia’s development of a new and different idea of psychiatry. In doing this we highlight his focus on the bodily experience of mental diseases—considered as a pivotal element for a concrete revolution—and his dialogue with his contemporary thinkers (Foucault among others) and social sciences more generally. Then, we explain Basaglia’s urgency of a direct confrontation between institution and reality, asylum, and outside society. At the end of this chapter, we provide a systematic and general outline of the contributions collected in this book, in order to provide a clear picture of the richness and actuality of Basaglia’s heritage.