With the increasing demand for energy-efficient solutions, lighting technologies have evolved to play a pivotal role in reducing energy consumption in building applications. This chapter presents an in-depth analysis of energy-efficient lighting technologies tailored for building applications, with a particular focus on sustainable solutions that reduce energy consumption and enhance indoor environmental quality. The chapter explores natural lighting methods, such as solar daylighting, and advanced electric lighting technologies, including Compact Fluorescent Lamps (CFLCompact Fluorescent Lamps (CFL)), Light Emitting Diodes (LED), and Cold Cathode Fluorescent LampsFluorescent lamps (CCFLCold Cathode Fluorescent Light (CCFL)). Each benefit of the technology, including energy conservation, extended lifespan, and improved light quality, are discussed in detail. Additionally, the integration of smart lighting systemsSmart lighting systems and sensors for optimized lighting control, along with hybrid solar lightingHybrid Solar Lighting (HSL) systems, demonstrates how modern lighting solutions contribute to significant energy savings in residential, commercial, and institutional buildings. By combining daylighting with novel energy-efficient lamps and advanced lighting controlsAdvanced lighting controls, the chapter outlines a path toward minimizing energy use while enhancing visual comfort and environmental sustainability in built environments.