This chapter provides a labour history under the military dictatorship led by General Augusto Pinochet (1973–1990), a period when Chile experienced dramatic social, economic, and cultural transformations. For example, the combination of political repression and neoliberal reforms changed how and where people worked, organized, and accessed social rights and benefits. Historians and social scientists have long documented how the military and their civilian allies dismantled the labour movement and the traditional welfare state, privatizing social benefits and leaving working people vulnerable to the ups and downs of the market. In tandem, neoliberal reforms and global economic and technological changes transformed the work process, eroding traditional blue-collar jobs. Building on these debates, Ángela Vergara argues the need to place labour history into a broader social framework and incorporate the diverse experience of working peoples. Organized chronologically, this chapter provides a general overview of economic, social, and labour changes implemented from 1973 to 1990, summarizes the most important debates and sources available, and offers some directions for future research.