Design of a Compact Endfire Antenna, 1 × 4 Linear Antenna Array, and 4 × 4 Butler Matrix-Based Multibeam Antenna for 5G Applications at Millimeter Wave Frequency of 28 GHz
摘要
5G cellular applications operating at 28 GHz millimeter wave (mmW) frequency demand compact yet high gain antenna system implementation to meet the service requirements. In this chapter, a modified antipodal Vivaldi antenna (AVA) topology has been discussed that features elliptical-shaped corrugations and a metal director in the design. This modification has resulted in a compact planar antenna with dimensions of 20 mm × 7.4 mm, a peak gain of 8.82 dB, and an impedance bandwidth of 35%. To further improve the gain, the proposed antenna has been used in designing a 1 × 4 linear antenna array (AA) by implementing a full corporate feeding structure. With dimensions of 35.3 mm × 36.6 mm, this AA has a peak gain of 13.67 dB and a beamwidth of 14°. To improve spatial coverage, a compact single-layered multibeam antenna (MBA) using the proposed 1 × 4 AA and a 4 × 4 Butler matrix-based planar beamformer has been implemented. With a form factor of just 58.6 mm × 37.7 mm, this MBA can produce four spatially distributed beams, each with a beamwidth of 15.1°, to achieve a wide coverage over a frequency range of 26.5–30.5 GHz. These antennas are suitable for mmW 5G applications.