Are Bronchoscopic Techniques Sufficient for Managing Posttransplant Bronchial Stenosis?

Lung transplantation remains a life-saving therapy for end stage lung disease. However, it is associated with various complications, such as bronchial stenosis, which can significantly impact post lung transplant outcomes. Despite the absence of randomized trials and standardized protocols, early recognition, prompt interventions, and the choice of the optimal treatments are crucial for minimizing long-term sequelae of this challenging complication. Endoscopic treatment, which is generally performed as a first-line option, is not sufficient to manage stenoses affected by a high rate of relapse. Surgery should be considered as a definitive treatment when repeated endoscopic attempts fail. Additional efforts should be made to standardize protocols and guidelines to uniform the management of post lung transplant stenosis.