The Grand Ethiopian Renaissance Dam on the Blue Nile River is a large dam of 74 billion cubic meter (bcm) volume being constructed on a transboundary river since 2011. Downstream Egypt and Sudan who have full use of the Nile water between the two countries were not happy in the project. Ethiopia has been stating that a hydropower dam far below irrigable lands shouldn’t be a threat on flow reduction. Series of negotiations have undergone on how to fill and operate the dam. In 2015, a landmark agreement “The Declaration of Principles,” DoP agreement, was reached between Egypt, Ethiopia, and Sudan. The agreement gave a framework of continuing the GERD construction and cooperation with principle of equitable utilization and no significant harm. After that, wrangling continued from capital city to capital city without coming into agreement. The USA, AU, EU, UAE, and others have been involved as mediators and participants in the GERD negotiations. The position of Egypt and Sudan has been a demand for a binding agreement with their historical water share indirectly guaranteed. Ethiopia does not want to sign a binding agreement as it forecloses its future consumptive use of water needs. The latest negotiations under the role of the United Arab Emirates secretly were conducted in Dubai for several sessions. A draft of 16 articles’ of unknown origin was presented for the three countries for a negotiation in Cairo in August 2023. A second meeting was conducted in Addis Ababa in September 2023 and a third in Cairo in October 2023. No agreement was reached.