Due to the increasing use of synthetic fertilizers, food production worldwide has increased significantly, and fertilizers that are less harmful to the environment, especially those with high nutrient use efficiency, have come to the fore. Advances in the nano-sizing and nano-fortification of minerals can increase the productivity and bioavailability of nutrients, providing a wide variety of options for the application of mineral nanofertilizers in crop production. In addition to their easy solubility and eco-friendliness, nanofertilizers provide a site-specific, economical, and effective solution to the food crisis problem. Their ability to fulfill the demands of a growing global population and their positive impacts on the environment make them extremely attractive. Although there are benefits of sustainable agriculture from introducing nanofertilizers, their drawbacks, such as possible health hazards from their widespread release into the ecosystem and the food chain, should be carefully considered before they are released into the marketplace. In conclusion, not all nanofertilizers used in agriculture are unsafe; some increase plant nutrition and stress tolerance. For safe application, risks should be assessed, and biotechnological advancements are required.