Nanotechnology has emerged as a promising avenue in agricultural practices, providing solutions to increase productivity, reduce environmental impact, and optimise resource utilisation. This chapter examines the cutting-edge field of nanofertilizers and nanopesticides, specifically emphasising their ability to profoundly transform the economic situation for individual farmers. It aims to comprehensively understand how nanotechnology can empower farmers to achieve financial sustainability, enhance crop yields and minimise input costs by exploring nanomaterial-based agricultural input’s mechanisms, applications, benefits, and challenges. Moreover, it analyses the consequences of implementing nanofertilizers and nanopesticides in the wider farming industry, highlighting the necessity for well-designed policy frameworks and technological progress to exploit their capabilities while fully guaranteeing safety and sustainability.