The oldest and largest agricultural sector is dealing with a number of issues regarding the production cost of nanofertilizers. The growing global population has led to expectations of ever-increasing food and grain supplies, yet resources are also running out. This led to the widespread use of synthetic fertilizers, which raised the price of farming. Conventional fertilizers typically involve expenses related to raw materials, energy consumption and traditional manufacturing processes. In contrast, nanofertilizers, as an advanced technology, may incur higher production costs due to the utilization of nanomaterials and specialized manufacturing techniques. The study examines factors influencing production costs, such as location, scale, and technological advancements. For a comprehensive understanding, recent studies, industry reports and expert insights are considered. This paper deals with an analysis of the production costs associated with conventional fertilizers and nanofertilizers. This analysis contributes to the broader discussion on the economic aspects of conventional and nanofertilizer production, providing valuable insights for agricultural stakeholders and policymakers.