Nanofertilizers, which possess nanoscale dimensions and a large surface area, provide novel methods for improving agricultural productivity while potentially mitigating the environmental consequences. This study investigates the impact of nanofertilizers on groundwater quality, a significant concern due to their importance in drinking water and irrigation. The study examines different categories of nanofertilizers, their modes of operation and their interactions with soil and water systems. An examination of existing studies brings attention to the possible advantages and drawbacks linked to the application of nanofertilizers. This underscores the importance of environment friendly farming methods safeguarding underground water sources. The chapter recommends future research and regulatory frameworks to guarantee the secure and efficient utilisation of nanofertilizers in agriculture.