Microplastics are tiny plastic particles (<5 mm), which are prevalent and slowly degrading pollutant in soils and waterways, having long shelf-life period, extremely stable, high disintegration potential and capable of adsorbing other pollutants. Microplastics are easily acquired by plankton and invertebrates and are present in many marine species. At that point, microplastics pass on with food chains, causing physical damages and reduction in the nutritional content of the diet, which causes various effects in living organisms. Scientists remain unknown that, microplastics consumed by living organisms are threatening to the health, and if that was the case, what specific risks could they face. And many countries are making efforts to lessen the amount of microplastics in the environment. Microplastics are also more likely to carry various contaminants due to their adsorption properties. In fact, there is a need of modern techniques to enhance degradation of microplastics in terrestrial, aquatic and other ecosystems. Bioremediation is an emerging technique for eliminating the toxic waste, from contaminants. In the bioremediation process, contaminated regions are cleaned up using a range of microorganisms, including aerobes and anaerobes. Microorganisms are crucial for the bioremediation process because it removes, breaks down, eliminates, and inhibits toxic wastes and contaminants. Therefore, this review aims to focus on understanding the evolution, fate and impact of microplastics in environment and discuss in detail about the modern biotechnological methods to enhance microplastic bioremediation and to explore the manner in which bacteria, fungi, and algae contributes to biodegradation and proposed biotechnological techniques to speed up the process, such as bioinformatics and gene editing tools.