Pollution of water that are resulted from the discharge of effluents have been a long-standing environmental concern. Although there are many traditional methods of wastewater treatment, it fails meet the required demands which is also not cost-effective. Nanotechnology has effective strategies for the removal of waste from water, and it is capable to reuse the water. Nano technology has great potential in improving the efficiency of water prevention, purification and in terms of reducing the costs. Due to the excellent properties, nanomaterials are especially used in the field of wastewater treatment. This review paper deals with the biopolymeric nano materials as an eco-friendly adsorbent. Biopolymers have been used adsorbents, and natural flocculants in wastewater treatment. In particular, the biopolymers obtained from naturals resources are reviewed. Firstly, the types of biopolymers which include cellulose, chitosan, chitin, alginate, xanthan gum, dextrin, carrageenan, lignin, protein are reviewed along with its application as adsorbents. In the second part of article, the preparation methods for absorbents, its environmental applications and challenges are discussed in detail. Soon, it is believed that there will be continuous production of nano materials, to support the development of eco-friendly, economic, and efficient nanomaterials for real life applications. It is essential to know about the potential benefits and unknown danger of nanomaterials in the upcoming years to follow their advancements.