Water is contaminated by wide range of toxic derivatives, mostly by heavy metals. So, there is a need for the development of a technology for the removal of heavy metals. Adsorption is considered as one of the most common technique for the removal of heavy metals. Compared to other conventional methods, adsorption is considered as an effective method because of its cost effectiveness, high-capacity removal of both organic and inorganic pollutants and their simplicity. Adsorption process on natural adsorbent is a recent process that has great application on the removal of heavy metals, paints, phenols, and other organic pollutants. The present review shows the recent developments in the synthesis of adsorbents containing polysaccharides, in particular modified biopolymers derived from chitosan, starch, graphene, nano absorbents, and carbon nanotubes.