In today’s world, urban environments are becoming increasingly predominant, with more than half of the global population residing in cities. As cities expand, their natural landscapes undergo profound transformation. Among these changes, the accumulation and decomposition of leaf litter play a crucial role in shaping urban ecosystems. Urban leaf litter is a complex mixture of fallen leaves, twigs, and organic debris from trees and shrubs within urban areas. This reflects the unique characteristics of urban vegetation, which often comprises a mix of native and non-native species. Factors such as tree species diversity, land-use patterns, and environmental conditions influence the composition of urban leaf litter. Urbanization can accelerate leaf litter decomposition, potentially affecting the nutrient cycling and soil health. Moreover, altered microclimates and microbial communities in urban environments can influence the breakdown of organic matter in leaf litter. Excessive leaf litter accumulation can lead to nutrient runoff, water quality issues, and flooding in urban areas. Understanding the dynamics of urban leaf litter is vital to sustainable urban planning and management. Proper management strategies, such as leaf removal and composting, can help mitigate the negative ecological impacts and promote urban biodiversity. Additionally, urban leaf litter research offers insights into the broader context of urban ecology, shedding light on how urbanization influences ecosystems and the services they provide to humans.