Experimental Apparatus

This chapter provides a comprehensive exploration of the design and operational principles underlying the Large Hadron Collider (LHC) and the Compact Muon Solenoid (CMS) detector. It systematically breaks down the essential sub-components of the CMS detector. First, the tracker system is analyzed, highlighting its role in reconstructing the trajectories of charged particles with high precision. Next, the chapter details the electromagnetic and hadronic calorimeters, emphasizing their function in measuring the energy of photons, electrons, and hadrons. The muon system is thoroughly reviewed, underscoring its importance in detecting muons, which are crucial for various physics analyses. The chapter concludes with a discussion of the two-level triggering system, which selects proton-proton collision events of interest for downstream analysis.