The bronchial arteries (Fig. 33.1) carry oxygenated blood but do not participate in gas exchange at the level of the alveoli. Instead, they supply the parenchyma of the lungs, along with supportive structures such as the bronchial system, blood vessels, and lymph nodes (Chaudhry and Bordoni 2022). Bronchial arteries can vary widely in their origin and are the most common source of bleeding during hemoptysis.