The anterior and posterior tibial arteries supply blood to the foot and arise from the popliteal artery and course within their respective leg compartments. The anterior tibial artery continues distally to the ankle as the dorsalis pedis artery (Fig. 116.1), which then gives rise to the medial and lateral tarsal, arcuate, and dorsal metatarsal arteries before passing into the proximal first intermetatarsal space. The posterior tibial artery terminates as two main branches, the smaller medial plantar artery and the larger lateral plantar artery. The medial plantar artery courses along the medial aspect of the foot toward the base of the first metatarsal. It gives rise to muscular branches supplying the abductor hallucis and flexor digitorum brevis and a superficial branch before coursing toward the medial aspect of the great toe and anastomosing with a branch from the first plantar metatarsal artery. The lateral plantar artery courses laterally toward the base of the fifth metatarsal. Turning medially along with the deep branch of the lateral plantar nerve, it gives rise to a digital branch to the fifth toe. It then continues toward the space between the first and second metatarsals to join the dorsalis pedis and form the deep plantar arch. This arch is situated superficial to the interosseous muscles but deep to the adductor hallucis muscle and supplies much of the skin, fascia, and muscles in the sole through perforating and plantar metatarsal branches.