This chapter provides a comprehensive overview of the foundational principles of quantum computing, its theoretical and practical developments, and its potential impact on the healthcare sector. It begins by introducing the core concepts of quantum computing, such as qubits, superposition, entanglement, and quantum algorithms and explains how these principles differ fundamentally from classical computing. The chapter discusses both the opportunities and challenges of quantum computing, highlighting recent advancements, like new quantum architectures and error correction methods, and addressing concerns around exaggerated expectations and the current limitations of the technology. In the context of healthcare, the chapter explores several promising applications of quantum computing, including accelerating drug discovery, advancing genomics, and personalized medicine, optimizing healthcare operations, and improving clinical trial design. It concludes with an outlook on the future of quantum computing in healthcare, acknowledging the significant challenges that remain but also emphasizing the technology’s transformative potential as it matures.