Largest number of fatalities due to disasters in 2020–2021 is reported from India (4743) as approximately 58.6% of Indian landmass is prone to earthquakes, 12% is prone to floodsFloods and river erosion and 68% of cultivable land is vulnerable to drought with risks of landslides and avalanches in mountainous regions of the country. The disasters in India are associated with winter, pre-monsoon, monsoon and post-monsoon seasons. The continuous uplift of Himalaya coupled with denudation, called tectonic aneurysm, triggers the natural disasters such as earthquakes, mass movements, avalanches, floodsFloods, glacial lake outburst floodsGlacial Lake Outburst Floods (GLOF) (GLOFs), cloudburstCloudburst, desertification, etc. The increase in number of glacial lakes to 5.9% in HMA (High Mountain Asia) between 1990 and 2015 brings both large opportunities and risks to the lives and livelihoods in the form of catastrophic events. The sudden outburst of blocked narrow and steep walled river valley by rock avalanches, slides and debris flows in mountainous regions can be the cause for devastating landslide lake outburst floodsFloods. Deforestation, slope cutting, overgrazing and tourism associated with heavy rainfall in mountainous region of India are key factors causing soil erosion that leads to landslides and rockfall. Increase in the frequency of ice/snow avalanchesSnow avalanche in Himalaya is attributed to glacier instability, a factor of disturbance in water-heat balance of glacier due to the fluctuating precipitation and continuous warming of the region. The forest fire events in India are largely caused by humans, such as grazers, sparks from vehicles, hiking or picnicking activities, shifting cultivation and burning litter (pine needles) for a flush of fresh grasses.