This chapter discusses the role of damage control surgery in trauma. Damage control surgery is employed in critically ill patient with the goal of surgically temporizing the patient with an abbreviated procedure to circumvent irreversible decompensation and development of the “lethal triad,” i.e., hypothermia, coagulopathy, and acidosis. Damage control surgery exists in three phases. In the first phase, the goal is to control life-threatening hemorrhage, limit contamination, and maintain end-organ perfusion. In the second phase, the goal is to resuscitate the patient and normalize tissue perfusion. In the third phase, the goal is to perform definitive surgical repair.