Syphilis is an infectious disease characterized by alternating clinically conspicuous and inconspicuous stages, and it is caused by the pathogen Treponema pallidum. The primary mode of transmission is sexual intercourse. Symptoms may include ulcers, skin rashes, and neurological complications. Without treatment, significant complications such as organ damage and cardiovascular issues may occur. Congenital syphilis can result in life-threatening health complications in unborn children. Timely diagnosis and treatment are of critical importance. Various diagnostic techniques are available for identifying the infection. Penicillin is the preferred drug, particularly during pregnancy. Alternative drugs, such as doxycycline or ceftriaxone, are used only in exceptional cases due to their reduced efficacy. Pregnant women with a penicillin allergy should undergo desensitization. Treatment initiation during pregnancy must not be delayed.