PSA and/or rectal examination suspects remain the main indications for biopsy (Roobol et al., Eur Urol 57(1):79–85, 2010; Aragona et al., Eur Urol 47(5):569–574, 2005; Carvalhal et al., J Urol 161(3):835–839, 1999; Okotie et al., Urology 70(6):1117–1120, 2007). A prostate biopsy may be indicated for PSA values that exceed the thresholds of common use and almost always for values above 10 ng/mL; in this regard it is suggested to always repeat the PSA before making a decision. PSA level should be verified after a few weeks using the same assay under standardized conditions (i.e., no ejaculation, manipulations, urinary tract infections, prostate inflammation, and trauma) in the same laboratory (Aragona et al., Eur Urol 47(5):569–574, 2005; Carvalhal et al., J Urol 161(3):835–839, 1999). Empiric use of antibiotics in an asymptomatic patient in order to lower the PSA should not be undertaken (Okotie et al., Urology 70(6):1117–1120, 2007).