The increasing need for food production worldwide has primarily been met by the widespread use of conventional fertilizers (CFs). However, worries about environmental dangers, such as contaminated soil and water, have been brought up by the rising usage of CFs, particularly in cereal-based cropping systems. As a result, the agriculture industry has seen the development of healthier substitutes through the application of nanotechnology and nanofertilizers (NFs). These novel NFs increase the effectiveness of nutrient utilization by utilizing the extraordinary qualities of small sizes nanoparticles. NFs, in contrast to their traditional equivalents, have a number of benefits, such as variable solubility, reliable and efficient performance, regulated release mechanisms, improved targeted activity, less eco-toxicity, and simple, secure delivery and disposal processes. Furthermore, as compared to conventional fertilizers, their superior formulations allow for the more effective support of sustainable crop development and output. In cases when agricultural crops are subjected to abiotic stress, this study emphasizes the potential of using nanofertilizers to increase plant production and performance and ensure environment friendly crop yield while maintaining agricultural sustainability.