This introductory chapter sheds light on the critical issue of children in street situations, emphasising their status as individuals entitled to fundamental rights that must be safeguarded by the States within which they reside. The text delves into the complex legal landscape surrounding these vulnerable young people, exploring various avenues through which their rights can be enforced and protected. It examines the sources of legal justification for upholding these rights, drawing from international treaties and agreements. It briefly introduces the concept of justiciability and legal redress, highlighting the mechanisms available to address instances of violated or infringed upon rights. By doing so, it sets the stage for a deeper understanding of the legal frameworks and interpretative guidelines that have been established to support and defend the rights of children in street situations. The chapter introduces the aim and structure of the book thus, serving as a foundation for exploring the intricate interplay between international law, human rights, and the practical realities faced by children in street situations.