Rapid methodological advancements in the fields of neuroscience and “big data” analytics, along with the emergence of deeply characterized, population-level study cohorts, have led to a continuously increasing amount of information on human behavior, brain physiology, and pathology. Considering these developments, the question arises as to why this gain in information and technology has translated only slowly into deeper understanding and improved diagnostics and therapy of psychiatric disorders (Stephan et al., 2016a, b).