Vaccines against neuroinfectious diseases are an important priority for global health, as manifestations and outcomes of existing and emerging central nervous system infections are responsible for significant morbidity and mortality worldwide. Global vaccination campaigns can be promising pathways to prevent neurological infections, like the successful experiences in the eradication of nonzoonotic pathogens such as variola and polio viruses. Although vaccines are a major therapeutic option for ongoing viral infections of the CNS, pre-exposure vaccination protects people against viral infections prior to exposure. This is an ideal vaccination strategy to limit and eradicate neurological illnesses associated with zoonotic and nonzoonotic viruses. This chapter discusses vaccines that are currently available or in development for zoonotic and nonzoonotic infections: Japanese encephalitis virus (JEV), Venezuelan equine encephalitis virus (VEEV), poliovirus, mumps virus, measles virus, rabies virus, herpes simplex virus (HSV), and Varicella-zoster virus (VZV).