Vaccination is one of the most significant advancements in the field of medicine and has helped to reduce mortality rates caused by the spread of incurable infectious diseases. Earlier, inactivated or attenuated organisms were introduced into individuals as vaccines for disease prevention. However, in the last decade, various technological improvements have made it easier to design and develop novel vaccines. The methods of development of vaccines have been discussed in this chapter, and the commonly used vaccine types have also been discussed. A case study on vaccines for the SARS-CoV-2 was presented due to the relevance in the current pandemic situation. There is a lot of pressure and responsibility on scientists to hasten the process of developing a safe and effective vaccine for a huge population throughout the globe and across a wide age group.