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Viruses, unlike bacteria, straddle the line between life and non-life, relying on host cells to reproduce. Their ability to mutate rapidly and evade the immune system makes them formidable pathogens in infectious diseases. Traditional vaccines, including live attenuated, inactivated, and subunit types, have successfully combated various viruses, but face many challenges. Such challenges include lengthy production times and limited ability to adapt to mutating pathogens. CRISPR-Cas (clustered regularly interspaced short palindromic repeats) systems, originally discovered as bacterial immune mechanisms, offer a revolutionary approach to vaccine development. By targeting and cutting and specific viral DNA or RNA sequences, CRISPR-based vaccines can directly neutralize viruses. These methods promise faster, more adaptable, and precise vaccine development. Experimental studies have demonstrated CRISPR’s potential in combating viruses including influenza, HIV, and SARS-CoV-2. However, challenges remain in delivery mechanisms, off-target effects, immune responses, and ethical considerations. Public trust and global accessibility are also critical for the success of CRISPR vaccines. Despite these hurdles, CRISPR-based vaccines represent a significant advancement, offering a new era of rapid, effective responses to viral threats, and have the potential to transform and improve global health.

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Advances in Viral Defense: Insights to CRISPR-Based Vaccine Strategies

  • 章节

  • 发表日期：

    2025年

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  • Hossein Pourghadamyari,
  • Rosita Azar Bahadori,
  • Hongsheng Wang,
  • Fatemeh Sadat Mousavi,
  • Gholamreza Asadikaram,
  • Milad Zandi

摘要

Viruses, unlike bacteria, straddle the line between life and non-life, relying on host cells to reproduce. Their ability to mutate rapidly and evade the immune system makes them formidable pathogens in infectious diseases. Traditional vaccines, including live attenuated, inactivated, and subunit types, have successfully combated various viruses, but face many challenges. Such challenges include lengthy production times and limited ability to adapt to mutating pathogens. CRISPR-Cas (clustered regularly interspaced short palindromic repeats) systems, originally discovered as bacterial immune mechanisms, offer a revolutionary approach to vaccine development. By targeting and cutting and specific viral DNA or RNA sequences, CRISPR-based vaccines can directly neutralize viruses. These methods promise faster, more adaptable, and precise vaccine development. Experimental studies have demonstrated CRISPR’s potential in combating viruses including influenza, HIV, and SARS-CoV-2. However, challenges remain in delivery mechanisms, off-target effects, immune responses, and ethical considerations. Public trust and global accessibility are also critical for the success of CRISPR vaccines. Despite these hurdles, CRISPR-based vaccines represent a significant advancement, offering a new era of rapid, effective responses to viral threats, and have the potential to transform and improve global health.