Bulbous flowersBulbous flowers are perennial herbaceous flowersPerennial herbaceous flowers with underground stemsUnderground stems or root metamorphosisRoot metamorphosis forming part of the expansion. It occupies an essential position in the world flower industryFlower industry, with high ornamental valueOrnamental value and market demandMarket demand. It is of great use in cuttings, potted plantsPotted plants, and landscapingLandscaping. Improving bulbous flowersBulbous flowers quality and cultivation traitsCultivation traits through breeding researchBreeding research has become the core of international competitionInternational competition. This review summarizes the origin, genetic diversityGenetic diversity, key breeding objectivesBreeding objectives, and development trendsDevelopment trends of bulbous flowersBulbous flowers represented by gladiolus (Gladiolus hybridusGladiolus hybridus L.), hyacinth (HyacinthusHyacinthus L.), irisIris (IrisIris L.), lilies (LiliumLilium L.), narcissi (NarcissusNarcissus L.), and tulips (TulipaTulipa L.). It describes the development and application of emerging technologiesEmerging technologies such as hybrid, ploidy, mutation, and molecular breedingMolecular breeding in the breeding processBreeding process in the context of breeding historyBreeding history and recent research progressResearch progress. In addition, applying many modern techniques, such as in vitro propagationIn vitro propagation, embryo rescueEmbryo rescue, polyploidizationPolyploidization, molecular markersMolecular markers, and genomicsGenomics, will improve breeding efficiencyBreeding efficiency. Understanding the main strategiesDevelopment strategies of current flower breeding techniquesFlower breeding techniques and the advantages and characteristics of each breeding technique helps to provide essential reference suggestionsReference suggestions and development.