Emerging pollutants (or contaminants) (EPs) are a diverse range of organic and inorganic chemicals that have entered into the environment as a result of human activity. Their sources include everyday domestic activities, human and animal health protection, and industrial and agricultural output. The majority of these chemicals have been present in the environment for decades, but their detection has only recently been possible due to the development of highly sensitive analytical techniques. The group of emerging pollutants includes; human and animal pharmaceuticals, personal care products, surfactants, and flame retardants, in addition to compounds used in the production of plastics, hormones and steroids, pesticides and fertilizers, nanoparticles, microplastics, and trace metals. Despite relatively low quantities in the environment, these pollutants can cause endocrine disruption and other health effects in humans, as well as oxidative stress in organisms. Phytoremediation, an environmentally sound and sustainable strategy, is based on utilizing the power of plants to mitigate the negative effects of contaminants on our ecosystems. This novel strategy takes advantage of plants’ natural ability to absorb and detoxify contaminants and accumulate them, efficiently detoxifying soil, water, and air. This chapter emphasized on the sources of emerging pollutants, the phytoremediation process, the status of phytoremediation in the global context, and current research and prospects.