Bioremediation is an eco-friendly and cost-effective process which utilizes microorganisms such as bacteria, fungi, and algae to convert pollutants into less toxic or non-toxic substances. This chapter provides an in-depth exploration of the role of single-cell proteins (SCPs) in bioremediation, focusing on their potential applications in the degradation and transformation of harmful pollutants. SCPs derived from various microorganisms have shown promise in bioremediation due to their ability to metabolize organic compounds and heavy metals. The book chapter discusses the different types of SCPs and their unique strengths and specializations in bioremediation. It also highlights the factors influencing the efficiency of bioremediation processes, including the type and concentration of pollutants, the presence of suitable microorganisms, and environmental conditions. The economic challenges associated with SCP-based bioremediation, such as production costs, scale-up challenges, waste management costs, and regulatory compliance, are also addressed. Technological advancements, including genetic engineering, omics technologies, nanotechnology, bioreactor technology, bioinformatics, and waste valorization technologies, are also explored for their potential to enhance the role of SCPs in bioremediation. The chapter further provides a comprehensive overview of the role of SCPs in bioremediation, emphasizing their potential as a sustainable solution for environmental cleanup, while also highlighting the future research directions and challenges in the field. Finally, it aims to contribute to the scientific understanding and advancement of bioremediation strategies using SCPs, providing valuable insights for researchers, practitioners, and policymakers in the field of environmental sciences and biotechnology.