The rapid expansion of industrialization and progress in technology can lead to the creation of novel products and materials, some of which might contain harmful elements. The quick disposal of electronic devices, for instance, contributes to electronic waste, often containing hazardous substances. Insufficient or improper waste management methods, illegal dumping, inadequate storage, and the absence of appropriate disposal facilities can result in the emission of hazardous substances into the environment, worsening the issue. The Energy and Resources Institute (TERI) reported that India generates over 62 million tons (MT) of waste each year. Environmental biotechnology emerges as a nascent discipline that incorporates living materials, predominantly plants, along with small organisms such as earthworms and microorganisms to tackle issues related to environmental management and sustainable development. Phytoremediation, an eco-friendly and sustainable approach, harnesses the unique capabilities of plants to address diverse types of waste materials, encompassing heavy metals, organic pollutants, and contaminants in soil, water, and air. T(Dashis method entails the utilization of specially chosen plants, recognized as hyperaccumulators, which can assimilate, accumulate, and detoxify pollutants through various physiological and biochemical mechanisms. As the global demand for sustainable environmental solutions increases, phytoremediation emerges as a promising technology with the potential to alleviate the repercussions of industrial activities and pollution. Further exploration and application of phytoremediation strategies can contribute to fostering a cleaner and healthier environment, fostering a balanced coexistence between nature and human endeavors. This review discusses various human-caused origins of environmental waste and their effects on the environment. Additionally, it examines diverse phytoremediation techniques and the involvement of mycorrhiza in this process.