Rhizofiltration is the process of remediation of toxic contaminants and extra nutrients through adsorption by the plant root zone (rhizosphere) and is a green technology for removing contaminants from various water resources. Extensive industrial activity is the major cause of heavy metal contamination, which is now a major global issue. The addition of heavy metals to our clean water resources is gradually increasing. Therefore, there is an urgent requirement to develop an innovative approach to prevent the introduction of heavy metals into our environment. Rhizofiltration is a successful method for the removal of heavy metals from water resources through plant roots. This process uses the roots of some specific plant species, such as Indian mustard, sunflower, and numerous kinds of grasses, for effective removal of heavy metals, including Zn2+, Cu2+, Hg+, Ni2+, Ag+, Cd2+, and Pb2+,from various aqueous mediums. Roots of some other plant species, such as Lemna spp., Pistoia stratiotes, Salvinia spp., and Eicchornia spp., were also found to be effective for the removal of toxic heavy metals in sustainable pathways. Today, phytofiltration (rhizofiltration) has established a significant technique for the remediation of heavy metals through the roots of aquatic plants. This process uses the roots of the plants to absorb, accumulate, and precipitate heavy metals from surface water, groundwater sources, and contaminated industrial effluents. Hence, rhizofiltration is considered a novel green technology for the removal of heavy metals from aquatic systems.