The northernmost German state of Schleswig–Holstein is predominantly characterized by Quaternary deposits. Older formations occur only in a few places. While the Weichselian ice advances covered only the eastern part (eastern uplands), the Saalian glaciations covered almost the entire recent land surface. A flat-wavy terminal moraine landscape is preserved from the Saale Glaciation (Hohe Geest), surrounded by the meltwater deposits of the Weichsel Glaciation (Niedere Geest). The Baltic Sea coast, shaped by young glacial deposits, has different coastal forms: lowland fjords in the north, partly with graded shorelines, and a bay coast in the southeast. In the interior of Schleswig–Holstein, glacial and glacifluvial deposits are partly overlain by peat bogs and aeolian sands, some of which have grown into inland dune fields. Reactivations and new dune formations due to anthropogenic land use could be proven. Typical anthropogenic landforms are hedge rows (“knicks”), prehistoric megalithic tombs, medieval ramparts, such as the Danewerk, and mostly post-war gravel pits.