The upper Danube Valley and the surrounding landscapes are among the most geomorphologically diverse regions in southern Germany. Numerous well-preserved sediments and surface structures contain geoarchives, which date back to the Paleogene. Besides the history of the Danube River, the developments in the Alpine foreland and the evolution of the karst landscape of the Swabian Alb also play an important role. The aim of this chapter is to explain the main phases of landscape development in chronological order.