The landscapes of Germany cover a wide range of diverse landform assemblages which evolved due to differences in environmental and geological boundary conditions and Quaternary glacial and periglacial processes. These are listed from north to south in: (I and II) The Northern Lowlands with its young and old glacial landforms and coastal areas, (III) The Central Uplands, (IV) The Rhine Rift Valley and the South German Scarplands, and (V and VI) The area of the Alpine Foreland and the Alps. The Northern Lowlands are built of Quaternary deposits including Pleistocene glacial and fluvialglacial deposits, aeolian sands and loess deposits and Holocene alluvial and colluvial deposits, mires and marshes, barrier islands and the tidal flats of the wadden sea. the landforms of the Central Uplands have developed in a complex lithological and structural setting, which results from different phases of sedimentation and tectonic deformation from the early Palaeozoic to the Quaternary. In the southwest, the Mesozoic rocks of the Central Uplands dip below the Cenozoic rocks of the Alpine Foreland which is covered by Cenozoic sediments ranging in age from the Paleogene to the Quaternary. The Quaternary is characterized mostly by glacial and fluvioglacial deposits. In this area the contact of the horizontal and the upfolded Cenozoic Molasse sediments marks the tectonic transition to the Alps. The southernmost part of Germany includes the Northern Calcareous Alps. Examples from all regions are given in the following chapters of this book.