In this chapter, I highlight how Middleton’s representation of clocks differs from the way that historians generally describe the implementation of clock time in Europe. While historians tend to argue that clocks only became alienating once they were used by a capitalist system to control labor, Middleton locates the alienation of clocks in the mechanism itself, partially because capitalism was not yet hegemonic in Middleton’s London. Thus, he depicts alienating clocks outside the context of capitalism. He establishes the uniquely alienating qualities of clocks by contrasting the temporality they produce with the temporality of sundials and hourglasses. The former is alienating while the latter chronometric devices produce an embodied form of temporality. As a result, Middleton’s plays describe a polytemporal and polychronometric world that his characters have to navigate. This chapter won’t focus on sustained readings of individual plays but will offer a broad range of scenes that are representative of the complex temporal world Middleton describes and experiences, while also providing an overview of the way that historians tend to think about clocks.

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Middleton’s Strange Clocks

  • Eric Dunnum

摘要

In this chapter, I highlight how Middleton’s representation of clocks differs from the way that historians generally describe the implementation of clock time in Europe. While historians tend to argue that clocks only became alienating once they were used by a capitalist system to control labor, Middleton locates the alienation of clocks in the mechanism itself, partially because capitalism was not yet hegemonic in Middleton’s London. Thus, he depicts alienating clocks outside the context of capitalism. He establishes the uniquely alienating qualities of clocks by contrasting the temporality they produce with the temporality of sundials and hourglasses. The former is alienating while the latter chronometric devices produce an embodied form of temporality. As a result, Middleton’s plays describe a polytemporal and polychronometric world that his characters have to navigate. This chapter won’t focus on sustained readings of individual plays but will offer a broad range of scenes that are representative of the complex temporal world Middleton describes and experiences, while also providing an overview of the way that historians tend to think about clocks.