This chapter assesses relevant theoretical dimensions of individual-level conflict drivers and how psychological processes relate to individual and communal violence. It also looks at social dynamics relating to civilians and conflict, and asks why do cultures become violent at a social level. It also discusses ideological enablers of violent behaviours such as religion and nationalism, and the impact of state fragility and resource-based conflict due to climate change. The chapter introduces the concepts of conflict intervention, categories and norms of intervention and how ontological interpretations of the conflict drive the nature of intervention.