Pathology

This chapter provides a comprehensive overview of the pathology of various epilepsy syndromes, traversing through an array of structural etiologies such as mesial temporal sclerosis, cortical malformations, neoplasms, vascular anomalies, and neurocutaneous syndromes, among others. Key histopathological features are discussed, delving into molecular pathways contributing to epileptogenesis, imaging, and electrographic features wherever necessary. Additionally, the chapter emphasizes the importance of identifying the underlying structural pathology underpinning epileptogenesis, which is a crucial prerequisite for prompt diagnosis and the informed direction of management, particularly in cases amenable to surgical resection.