In the context of Industry 5.0, the transformation in how work is conducted is notably driven by technological advancements, necessitating a shift towards the enhancement and requalification of the workforce to embrace these changes. This article highlights the integral role of competencies in navigating the transition to more autonomous and technologically advanced work environments. The convergence of Lean methodologies with Industry 4.0 technologies facilitates a symbiotic relationship where Lean principles aid in the efficient implementation of Industry 4.0, and conversely, Industry 4.0 technologies enhance Lean processes. Based on an ontology created about work in the 4.0 era, a systematic literature review was conducted to expand it, leading to the identification and thorough evaluation of 67 articles. With the intention of connecting this ontology to Lean, this research utilizes the PROMETHEE II method, a multi-criteria decision support tool, to analyze the interaction between Lean tools, critical implementation factors, and competencies. Through discussions with Lean experts, two matrices were developed, analyzing Lean tools and critical factors in relation to competencies. The findings suggest a continuous need to explore how critical Lean factors affect competencies, contributing to the discourse on enhancing employability and competence in the context of Industry 5.0.