This book reports on an academic, multidisciplinary and multinational seminar held to explore citizen participation in decisions concerning the public management of risks, particularly industrial risks. It illustrates the complexity of the subject and shows the great diversity of social, technical and political contexts, as well as the diversity of aims and implementation methods, the challenges encountered during practical implementation and the difficulties in achieving the expected benefits. To conclude this book, this final chapter repositions this complexity at the intersection of two components: “citizen participation” in democratic life on the one hand, and “public risk management” on the other. First, it separately examines the issues associated with these two concepts, as well as their own complexity, then it brings them together to identify some principles and avenues to explore to arrive at an “honest” and contextualized understanding of public participation in the governance of industrial risks.