This introductory chapter first provides a brief overview of the evolution of public participation in risk governance. Initially intended to strengthen accountability and empower citizens, civil society participation is now recognized as a component of decision-making processes in many areas of public life. The emergence of high-risk technologies and facilities has increased public interest in political and industrial decisions, and legislative efforts have been made to promote citizen participation. However, the implementation of public participation varies considerably between contexts and often falls short of expectations. Despite the challenges, there is growing recognition of the need for industrial companies and regulators to engage alongside the public in decision-making processes related to risk governance. This chapter highlights the complexities and contingencies involved in public participation and, as reflected in subsequent chapters, the importance of understanding diverse perspectives and approaches. Finally, in a second section, this introduction provides an outline of the chapters of the book.